Proof of Four Color Map Theorem by Using PRN of Graph
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Formal Proof—The Four- Color Theorem
The Tale of a Brainteaser Francis Guthrie certainly did it, when he coined his innocent little coloring puzzle in 1852. He managed to embarrass successively his mathematician brother, his brother’s professor, Augustus de Morgan, and all of de Morgan’s visitors, who couldn’t solve it; the Royal Society, who only realized ten years later that Alfred Kempe’s 1879 solution was wrong; and the three ...
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Coloring planar Feynman diagrams in spinor quantum electrodynamics, is a non trivial model soluble without computer. Four colors are necessary and sufficient.
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A simpler proof of the four color theorem is presented. The proof was reached using a series of equivalent theorems. First the maximum number of edges of a planar graph is obatined as well as the minimum number of edges for a complete graph. Then it is shown that for the theorem to be false there must exist a complete planar graph of h edges such that h > 4. Finally the theorem is proved to be ...
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A formal proof has not been found for the four color theorem since 1852 when Francis Guthrie first conjectured the four color theorem. Why? A bad idea, we think, directed people to a rough road. Using a similar method to that for the formal proof of the five color theorem, a formal proof is proposed in this paper of the four color theorem, namely, every planar graph is four-colorable. The forma...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Bulletin of Society for Mathematical Services and Standards
سال: 2014
ISSN: 2277-8020
DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/bsmass.11.26